The Swiss Scherrer Institute and the ETH Zurich have successfully developed a micro-chemical reactor in the laboratory based on the earlier German technology. With this reactor, people can be more Environmentally friendly and more economical production of gasoline and diesel. The reactor consists of only a few nanometers of zeolite crystals. The researchers changed the crystal structure and produced fuel in two steps.
The production of fuel by industrial methods has long been available. As early as 1925, German chemists Franz Fischer and Hans Topssey developed a production of hydrocarbons such as gasoline and diesel using synthetic gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It was originally hoped that synthetic gas would be produced from Germany's rich coal, and later mainly natural gas as a raw material, but wood, sludge or crop straw would replace this function in the future.
This Fischer-Tropsch method has long been tested in the industry, and the cost of producing fuel is much more expensive than conventional fuel produced by petroleum. The cost of this method can be much reduced if a multi-functional reactor can be made that undertakes several necessary conversion steps. However, each conversion step requires a separate reactor, which undoubtedly pushes up the manufacturing cost.
The newly developed nanoreactors now only need to perform two steps of the Fischer-Tropsch process, each requiring a separate reactor. The first reactor takes the first step, converting the synthesis gas into various hydrocarbons, which also have the composition of gasoline. The first step also produced unwelcome long-chain hydrocarbons, which are also present in fuel oil. In order to increase the higher value short-chain hydrocarbon components in the end product, it is necessary to carry out the second step, ie cleavage. Long chain molecules that are undesirable in cleavage will decompose into short chain molecules. This is an important step in the new nanoreactor.
To make this nanoreactor, scientists used nanocrystals of zeolite. The crystal structure of the zeolite has many pores of the same size which provide a chemically reactive surface and increase the efficiency of the reactor. Because all pores are almost the same size, the zeolite reactor can work like a sieve. The uniform pore size limits the product to a molecular level that passes through the pores.
This new type of nanoreactor is capable of completing the two steps of the Fischer-Tropsch process, not due to the natural properties of the zeolite, but to changes in the laboratory. The scientific household etchant etches perforated zeolite crystals and places cobalt nanoparticles into these cavities. These cobalt particles are industrially used as catalysts, and catalysts are also used in the Fischer-Topsi method to facilitate the first step of conversion. process. In the cracking process, the nanoreactor also uses this chemical treatment, that is, the solvent creates some chemical reaction in the pores of the zeolite, which catalyzes the decomposition of long-chain hydrocarbons into short-chain corresponding substances. It is cracking.
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