Printing Education and Scientific Research 1.5

Section 5 Printing Technology Research

Since printing technology emerged from the hut of the workshop and the combination of modern machinery, electronics, optics, and chemical engineering, and moved toward the era of large-scale industrialization, scientific research on printing has become an important part of the printing industry, and it is the promotion of printing technology. The important driving force for development.

Arrangements for research work on printing science and technology>1. Arrangements for research work on printing science and technology

In September 1962, the Publication Administration of the Ministry of Culture organized personnel of the printing industry in Beijing and Shanghai to discuss and formulate the "Printing Technology Development Plan for Raising the Technical Quality of Publications (Draft) from 1963 to 197 Years" and "Printing Technology from 1963 to 1972 Research on business development planning (Draft) focuses on solving the issue of print quality of publications and making the material and technical base of publishing work more modern. The 10-year plan is divided into two steps and requires that before 1967, the binding of the main book printing factories is generally mechanized. With regard to the printing technology research business, the planning requirements until 1972, Beijing Institute of Printing Technology has grown to 150 people, including 50 researchers; Shanghai Printing Technology Research Institute has grown to 180 people, including 80 researchers. No one expected that the "Cultural Revolution" that began in 1966 would have devastated the scientific research business of printing technology, and the above-mentioned 10-year plan would have become a dead letter.

In the era of the "Cultural Revolution" shouting "down with everything," the world's printing technology is developing rapidly. People have finally discovered that the gap between China's printing technology and the world level is too great. In order to change the backwardness of China's printing technology, the State Council's publishing house had organized several working groups in April 1973 to investigate the printing situation in four provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and put forward suggestions for improvement and submitted the report to the State Council. Later, a department, a flammability department, and a light industry department instructed the subordinate enterprises to complete the "28 plans" for strengthening the printing industry and printing technology and equipment (see Section 25 of the 25th chapter "Printing Machinery Manufacturing Industry"). Product development).

On September 26, 1973, the State Publishing Administration Bureau was formally established (before this was called the publication of the State Council), and a symposium on printing and scientific research was held in Beijing from December 14th to 25th. On the basis of fully soliciting opinions, the “Key Projects for Printing Technology Research in 1974-1980” was drafted, which mainly includes related scientific research projects such as typesetting, plate making, printing, binding, and printing materials. The focus of the arrangement was first placed on the mechanization, automation, and bookbinding mechanization and linkage of photoengraving; followed by the mechanization of typesetting, automation, and high speed multicolor printing. At the same time, appropriate arrangements were made for the research of equipment and materials for key projects.

Although there are plans and arrangements, the country is finally in the midst of civil strife in the "Cultural Revolution". Many of these projects are antichunting and have little effect. After the "gang of four" was smashed, with the approval of the State Council, in August 1978, the State Publishing Bureau again held a conference for printing scientific research in Shijiazhuang. The tasks of this conference were mainly to implement the spirit of the National Science Conference and discuss how to achieve the 76th issue of the national key scientific research projects; the meeting adopted the “National Printing Science and Technology Development Plan (Draft)”; and also established the National Printing Science and Technology Information Network. The establishment of the Printing Technology Association was discussed. The conference clearly defined the main directions of scientific research in books and periodicals printing: electronic typography, electronic printing, high speed printing and binding of books and magazines. The meeting also exchanged experiences in establishing professional institutes; it affirmed the major role of mass technological innovation activities. After this meeting, in less than two years, 11 provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government established the Institute of Printing Technology.

In September 1981, the State Publishing Bureau held a seminar on printing scientific research in Yantai City, Shandong Province. The conference focused on a central topic, which was to discuss the “6th Five-Year Plan” of printing and scientific research. Participants considered that the focus of printing and scientific research during the "6th Five-Year Plan" period should be on solving the problem of insufficient productivity, backward technology, and long publication cycle in the printing industry; focusing on books and periodicals as the focus of scientific research strength, and also taking into account other forms of printing. Technology, the meeting proposed to strengthen the printing process research, and strengthen the digestion and absorption of imported equipment. The meeting further discussed the issue of forming China's printing science and technology information network. After this meeting, we began the preparation for the establishment of a printing technology information network based on 13 printing technology institutes nationwide.

Establishment of printing professional research institutes > Establishment of printing professional research institutes

China's printing companies have long been under a system of "who uses, who built, who has, and who is in charge" and have not formed a unified printing industry system. The People's Bank of China and the post and telecommunications system have their own banknote printing plants and stamp printing factories; light industry and foreign trade systems have packaging and decorating printing plants; their troops have force printing plants; and publishing systems include books and printing houses. Therefore, printing and scientific research undertakings for printing companies are also established by the respective systems.

1. China Institute of Printing Science and Technology

In April 1956, the Ministry of Culture decided to establish the Beijing Institute of Printing Technology and appointed Xu Zhongwen as the director. In the initial stage, the number of personnel was small and the scale was small. Only the compilation of technical data and research on printing processes were performed. After 10 years of development, by the year of 1966, Beijing Printing Technology Research Institute had several departments such as electronic platemaking, binding, chemical experiment, “printing” periodical editorial department and library materials, and had 69 employees. The scientific research achievements that have been completed in 10 years mainly include: photomasking process, zinc-free powder corrosion process, plate-making film, contact screen, and wireless binding process.

After 10 years of exploration, when the Beijing Institute of Printing Technology began to produce talents, the "Cultural Revolution" that began in 1966 completely paralyzed scientific research. In December 1969, the Beijing Institute of Printing Technology was withdrawn, some personnel and equipment, and library materials were incorporated into the Beijing Xinhua Printing Factory, and the other staff was transferred to the "May 7th" cadre in Hubei Province for farming. At this point, the printing and scientific research activities that have just revealed a bit of vitality have been killed.

Approved by the State Council in January 1973, the Beijing Institute of Printing Technology resumed at its original site and was affiliated with the State Council's publishing house (later renamed the State Publishing Bureau). Although the organization was restored, the country was still in the "10-year civil unrest," and the researchers had only 20 people. Research work was carried out slowly under extremely difficult conditions.

After smashing the "gang of four", the printing and scientific research industry only paid attention to it. In 1977, the Beijing Institute of Printing Technology was renamed the China Institute of Printing Science and Technology. It consists of chemical materials, electronic technology applications, machinery, printing technology, editorial department of "Printing Technology", and translation of books and materials. In 1973, after the restoration of the institute, it established several important scientific research topics such as the PS plate, the electronic scanning color separation machine, and the wireless rubber binding linkage line. After seven or eight years of scientific research, they all achieved phased results. (Cartoon 24-10). In 1985, the institute added several departments for laser photosetting and electronic computers. The National Printing Industry Science and Technology Information Center Station and Printing Industry Press are also located in the center. By August 1986, there were 372 employees in total, of whom 178 were college or higher, and 64 were in technical secondary school. Among the scientific and technical personnel of the institute, there are 24 senior technical titles, 77 intermediate grade titles, and 70 junior titles. After 30 years of turbulent roads, China Institute of Printing Science and Technology has developed into the largest comprehensive printing technology research institute in China's printing industry.

The 1980s was an era in which China’s economic restructuring continued to deepen. How do printing and scientific research departments conduct reforms in order to mobilize the enthusiasm of scientific and technological personnel and inspire their creative spirit so that scientific research work faces the main battlefield of economic construction. Scientific research and production are more closely integrated and must be resolved through the practice of reform. For this reason, with the approval of the Ministry of Culture, the Chinese Institute of Printing Science and Technology has changed from the original funding appropriation to the implementation of a contractual contract system since 1985. This is a major step in the reform of the scientific research system of the Chinese printing science research undertaking. In January 1987, the State Council established the Press and Publication Administration, and the China Institute of Printing Science and Technology was a research unit directly under the Press and Publications Administration.

2. Shanghai Institute of Printing Technology

The Shanghai Institute of Printing Technology is another older and larger institute in China.

In August 1956, Shanghai Printing Industry Co., Ltd. established a laboratory, and it was only established when it was founded. In 1961, on the basis of this, it was expanded to the Shanghai Institute of Printing Technology. Zhu Wenji was the director and was directly affiliated with the Shanghai Publishing Bureau. By 1966, the Institute had grown to more than 120 people and was distributed in printing rooms, chemical materials, machinery, and data rooms. It made a number of gratifying achievements in the research of new fonts, plate making techniques, contact screens, and binding materials. . In spite of this, it is difficult to escape the fate of the "Cultural Revolution." Shanghai Printing Technology Research Institute's Printing Font Research Office is the only full-time printing font research institution in China. After the "Cultural Revolution" began, it was also disbanded, and the personnel were dispersed into several font-making factories. The institute left only more than 60 people and was led by the Shanghai Printing Industry Corporation.

After 1973, the Shanghai Institute of Printing Technology still led the Shanghai Publishing Bureau. Although it survived the catastrophe of the "Cultural Revolution", it was still struggling. Before the "Cultural Revolution", only the Beijing Institute of Printing Technology edited and published the "Printing" journal, which was openly distributed to the printing industry in the country. After the Beijing Institute of Printing Technology was forced to dissolve, "Printing" ceased publication, and the national printing industry did not have its own publication. In the early 1970s, Shanghai Printing Technology Research Institute thought of the needs of the printing industry, resolutely set up the "printing technology dynamics" for the internal distribution of the printing industry in the country, and played a role in communicating information and exchanging information within the industry. For the Shanghai Institute of Printing Technology in the dilemma still want people to think about the action in the snow, the printing industry has been gratitude to the industry.

In the 1980s, in the tide of economic restructuring, the Shanghai Institute of Printing Technology has achieved rapid development. In addition to the existing chemical materials, printing fonts, intelligence information, and other research labs, it also added laser photocopying, electromechanical, etc. Research room. Based on the original "Printing Technology Dynamics" internal release, the "Printing Magazine" was formally published, and it is open to the public at home and abroad. By 1988, the company had 251 employees, including 9 with senior technical titles, 64 with intermediate technical titles, and 62 with junior technical titles.

3. Institute of Printing Science and Technology, People's Bank of China

The Institute of Printing Science and Technology of the People's Bank of China was founded in August 1959 and is affiliated to the head office of the People's Bank of China. It is a banknote printing professional scientific research unit, focusing on applied development research and taking into account applied basic research, and the first director Liu Zhaoqing. With ink, plate making, banknote paper, anti-counterfeiting technology, banknote printing machinery design and other research rooms and plate making and banknote printing experiment workshop. It is the only national New Technology for printing and anti-counterfeit securities.